Class 11 Biology: Handwritten & Short Notes Pdf (NCERT & NEET Syllabus)

Unit I: Diversity of Living Organisms

The Living World

Biodiversity; Need for classification; three domains of life; taxonomy and systematics; concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; binomial nomenclature

Biological Classification

Five Kingdom Classification: Salient features and classification of Monera, Protista, and Fungi into major groups; Lichens, Viruses, Viroids

Plant Kingdom

Classification of plants into major groups; Salient and distinguishing features, and a few examples of Algae, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae, and Angiosperms

Animal Kingdom

Salient features and classification of animals; Non-chordates up to phyla level; Chordates up to class level (salient features and a few examples of each category)

Unit II: Structural Organization in Plants and Animals

Morphology of Flowering Plants

Morphology of different parts of flowering plants: root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit, and seed; Description of the family Solanaceae

Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Anatomy and functions of tissue systems in dicots and monocots

Structural Organisation in Animals

Morphology, Anatomy, and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous, and reproductive) of the frog

Unit III: Cell: Structure and Function

Cell-The Unit of Life

Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life; Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Plant cell and animal cell; Cell envelope, cell membrane, cell wall; Cell organelles - structure and function: endomembrane system, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies; Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles (ultrastructure and function); Nucleus

Biomolecules

Chemical constituents of living cells: biomolecules; Structure and function of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids; Enzyme types, properties, and enzyme action. Topics excluded: Nature of Bond Linking Monomers in a Polymer, Dynamic State of Body Constituents, Concept of Metabolism, Metabolic Basis of Living, The Living State

Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Cell cycle: Mitosis, meiosis, and their significance

Unit IV: Plant Physiology

Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

Photosynthesis as a means of autotrophic nutrition; Site of photosynthesis, pigments involved in photosynthesis (elementary idea); Photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; Cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation; Chemiosmotic hypothesis; Photorespiration; C3 and C4 pathways; Factors affecting photosynthesis

Respiration in Plants

Exchange of gases; Cellular respiration - glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle, and electron transport system (aerobic); Energy relations - number of ATP molecules generated; Amphibolic pathways; Respiratory quotient

Plant - Growth and Development

Seed germination; Phases of plant growth and plant growth rate; Conditions of growth; Differentiation, dedifferentiation, and redifferentiation; Sequence of developmental processes in a plant cell; Plant growth regulators - auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA

Unit V: Human Physiology

Breathing and Exchange of Gases

Respiratory organs in animals (recall only); Respiratory system in humans; Mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans - exchange of gases, transport of gases, and regulation of respiration, respiratory volume; Disorders related to respiration - asthma, emphysema, occupational respiratory disorders

Body Fluids and Circulation

Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; Composition of lymph and its function; Human circulatory system - Structure of human heart and blood vessels; Cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG; Double circulation; Regulation of cardiac activity; Disorders of circulatory system - hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, heart failure

Excretory Products and Their Elimination

Modes of excretion - ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; Human excretory system – structure and function; Urine formation, osmoregulation; Regulation of kidney function - renin - angiotensin, atrial natriuretic factor, ADH and diabetes insipidus; Role of other organs in excretion; Disorders - uremia, renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis; Dialysis and artificial kidney, kidney transplant

Locomotion and Movement

Types of movement - ciliary, flagellar, muscular; Skeletal muscle, contractile proteins, and muscle contraction; Skeletal system and its functions; Joints; Disorders of muscular and skeletal systems - myasthenia gravis, tetany, muscular dystrophy, arthritis, osteoporosis, gout

Neural Control and Coordination

Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humans - central nervous system; peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system; Generation and conduction of nerve impulse

Chemical Coordination and Integration

Endocrine glands and hormones; Human endocrine system - hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads; Mechanism of hormone action (elementary idea); Role of hormones as messengers and regulators, hypo - and hyperactivity and related disorders (Dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goiter, exophthalmic goitre, diabetes, Addison's disease)